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Leadership in action must be grounded in models/theory/research. If not there is just action—which simply passes time. Thus basing action on something is vitally important. A model this writer uses comes from a friend, Dr. Robert Terry. Although Dr. Terry has conceptualized this model at other levels of leadership, it in its earlier form has been useful to many. Dr. Terry has stated that in any form of human action, there are basic features or forms that are identifiable and discernible. The basic four include:
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| Mission |
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A direction term, toward which human action moves. |
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| Power |
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An energy term, signifying that by which action moves. |
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| Structure |
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An organizing term, denoting that through which human action moves. |
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| Resources |
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A material term, connoting that with which human action moves. |
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Mission refers to purpose, expectation, aim, vision, goal intention, objective, desire.
Power is the expenditure of energy—decision, commitment, passion and volition to act.
Structure is the plans, maps, institutional arrangements, forms and processes.
Resources is anything—time, money, ideas, equipment needed to accomplish the mission.
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-Terry, Authentic Leadership
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Leadership focuses on the mission (aspiration) and through commitment to identified beliefs and values work to energize the staff towards productive work. The structure supports the purpose and resources are equitably distributed to what is needed to support the purpose.
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Increase in Wisdom |
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Using the above template, it is relatively easy to diagnose where collections of staff or individuals are operating. For example, if the conversation is about not having enough time, money, etc., the conversation is at the resource level. On the other hand if it is on rules, policies and schedules it is at the structure level. Further, if it is about staff conflict or unwillingness it is at the power/energy level. If the conversation is "we do not know where we are going," it is at the mission level.
The increase in wisdom is wherever the level the issue is identified the solution is a step above. The tendency is to go a step below. For example if staff or students are not working productively the usual response is to put in more rules or policies. However, the solution is at getting agreement at the mission level. Likewise, limited resources imply the solution is in structure. In all cases the mission must be considered as you work towards a solution.
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| The Principal's Role in Shaping School Culture |
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